🧬 Biology calculators

Genetics, cells, growth and lab calculations. 20 calculators.

• Bacterial Growth CalculatorPredict bacterial population after a given time from the starting count and generation (doubling) time.
• Cell Doubling Time CalculatorCalculate population doubling time and growth rate from starting and final cell counts over a time interval.
• Centrifuge RPM ↔ RCF (g-force) CalculatorConvert centrifuge speed between RPM and relative centrifugal force (× g) using the rotor radius.
• DNA / RNA Concentration Calculator (A260)Calculate nucleic acid concentration from A260 absorbance for dsDNA, ssDNA and RNA, including dilution and purity ratio.
• DNA Copy Number CalculatorCalculate the number of DNA molecules (copies) from mass in ng and length in base pairs — for qPCR standards and cloning.
• Exponential Population Growth CalculatorCalculate future population with continuous exponential growth from an initial size, growth rate and time.
• GC Content CalculatorCalculate the GC content (percentage of guanine and cytosine) of a DNA or RNA sequence from base counts.
• Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium CalculatorCalculate allele and genotype frequencies (p, q, p², 2pq, q²) from the frequency of the recessive phenotype.
• Hemocytometer Cell Count CalculatorCalculate cells per mL from hemocytometer counts, squares counted and dilution — plus total cells.
• Ligation Calculator (Insert : Vector Ratio)Calculate how many ng of insert to use for a ligation at a chosen molar ratio of insert to vector.
• Logistic Growth Calculator (Carrying Capacity)Model population growth that slows as it approaches the environment's carrying capacity (K).
• Magnification Calculator (Microscopy)Calculate magnification, image size or actual specimen size using image size ÷ actual size.
• Microscope Field of View CalculatorCalculate the diameter of a microscope's field of view from the eyepiece field number and objective magnification.
• PCR Amplification CalculatorEstimate how many DNA copies a PCR produces from the starting copies, number of cycles and efficiency.
• Primer Melting Temperature (Tm) CalculatorEstimate a DNA primer's melting temperature from its base composition using the Wallace rule, and a suggested annealing temperature.
• Protein Concentration Calculator (A280)Calculate protein concentration from A280 absorbance using the molar extinction coefficient and molecular weight.
• Protein Molecular Weight EstimatorEstimate a protein's molecular weight in kDa from its number of amino acids.
• Serial Dilution CalculatorCalculate the final concentration after a series of dilution steps, and the total dilution factor.
• Specific Growth Rate Calculator (µ)Calculate the specific growth rate of a culture from two measurements, plus the doubling time.
• Water Potential CalculatorCalculate solute potential and total water potential of plant cells or solutions (Ψ = Ψs + Ψp).